Integrated Pest Management

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Disease Management in Niger

Alternaria leaf spot | Powdery Mildew |   Root rot |

Alternaria leaf spot

Causal Organism

Alternaria sp.

Damage
  • Spots are brown to blackish, circular to irregular with concentric rings.
  • If floral buds are infected they become black and fail to open.

Survival & Favourable Conditions
  • The pathogen is seed borne and survives in plant debris.
  • Favoured by high and temperature and humid conditions.

Cultural Control

  • Use disease free clean seeds free from trash for showing.

Mechanical Control
  • Destruction/burning of crop residues.

Chemical Control
  • Treat the seed with thiram (0.15%) + Bavistin (0.05%) in 1:1 ratio.
  • Three sprays Topsin M(0.1%) as and when disease appears, at 15 days interval.
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Powdery mildew

Causal Organism

Sphaerotheca sp

Damage
  • Small cottony spots appears on leaves which gradually spread on the lamina resulting in defoliation.

Survival & Favourable Conditions
  • The pathogen has wide host range

Cultural Control
  • Field sanitation.
  • Early sowing, soon after on set of monsoon.

Chemical Control
  • Foliar spray of (0.2%) wettable sulphur(wetsul/sulex).
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Root/stem rot

Causal Organism

Rhizoctonia bataticola and Macrophomina phaseolina

Damage
  • The affected plants show wilting.
  • At ground level stem becomes black which extends upward rupturing the stem.
  • Black dots appear on the infected stem which are the pycnidia of the fungus.
  • If wilted plant is uprooted, black coloured roots are observed having sclerotia of the fungus and looks as if charcoal is sprinkled on the root.
  • The roots become brittle.
  • In diseased plants black pods are seen  which open prematurely exposing shriveled and discoloured seeds.

Survival & Favourable Conditions
  • The Pathogen survives in seed and soil borne.
  • High soil temperatures and stress conditions favour the of the pathogen.

Cultural Control
  • Deep summer ploughing
  • Provide good drainage
  • Late planting
  • Do crop rotation or change the field after every two years.
  • Follow intercropping system sesamum + mothbean 1:1 or 2:1 ratio.
  • Whenever necessary, irrigate field every two weeks to avoid stress condition.
  • Use resistant varieties.

Mechanical Control
  • Destruction of crop residues

Chemical Control
  • Treat the seed with T. viride or T. harzianum or Bacillus subtilis (0.4%) or Thiram 75 SD (0.15%)+Bavistin (0.05%) 1:1 or Thiram 75 SD (0.3%).
  • On appearance of the disease, drench soil with Thiram + Bavistin (1:1) along with diseased plants at 7 days interval.
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With Support of TIFP, Ministry of Science & Technology, Dpt. of Scientific & Industrial Research, GoI  Designed And Developed at Directorate of Instrumentation, JNKVV, Jabalpur, MP.