Integrated Pest Management

Monitoring for Pest & Disease  

• Undertake community level monitoring to know change in distribution and abundance of pest.
• Organise regular pest monitoring and assess bio control potential at every 15 days interval.
• Record pest and disease incidence at every 5 to 10 km distance at 10 spots/ha and 5 plants/spot selected randomly.
• Install sex pheromone trap for early deduction of S. litura @ 10 traps/ha  for mass trapping.
• Light trap with 125 watts mercury vapour lamp can be operated for two hours in the evening to  observe phototropic insect pests.

 Pre-sowing stage 

• Deep ploughing in summer.
• Pre-monsoon sowing MUST BE avoided.
• Fluchloralin (1.0 to 1.5 kg a.i. /ha) or trifluralin (0.96 to 1.2 kg a.i../ha) should be incorporated into the soil for controlling broad leaved weeds.
• Narrow row spacing (20 cm) + higher seed rate (125 kg/ha) + Oxadiazon 1.0 kg Pre emergence (PE).
• Solarization - Practice soil solarization be giving a very light irrigation in summer morning and the covering the field by polythene, by this the irrigation water evaporates and kills the weed seeds by steaming affect.

Sowing stage

• Use insect/disease tolerant varieties.
• Use optimum seed rate (70-100 kg/ha).
• Avoid pre monsoon sowing.
• Do not cultivate when the foliage is wet.
• Avoid excess nitrogenous fertilizers.
• Application of potash fertilizers should be ensured.
• Intercrop soybean either with (early maturing) Pigeon Pea variety or maize or sorghum in the sequence of 4:2 should be practised.
• Plant seeds relatively free of the pathogen.
• Rotate soybean with crops not susceptible to the pathogen.
• N, P, K, and S should be applied @ 20:60- 80: 20:20 kg per ha.
• Crop should be maintained weed-free initially for 30-45 days by resorting to two hand hoeing /weedings.
• Seed treatment with thiram 75% DS @ 3 g/kg seed should be done. This should be followed by seed treatment with Rhizobium japonicum and Phosphate Solublizing Bacteria (PSB) @ 5 + 5 9 /kg seed.
• Pre-emergence application of alachor (2.5 kg a.i./ha) or metalachlor (1.0 kg a. i./ha) for grassy weeds and pendimenthalin (0.75 to 1.0 kg a.i./ha) or metribuzin (0.35 to 0.525 kg a.i./ha) for controlling both grassy and broad leaved weeds.
• Apply phorate 10 % CG (@ 10 kg/ha at the time of sowing
• Rogue out Sclerotium affected seedlings.

Vegetative stage 

• Collect and destroy girdle beetle infested plant parts, egg masses and gregariously caterpillar feeding larvae of hairy caterpillar and tobacco caterpillar.
• Conserve biological control such as spiders, lizards, coccineid, beetles, techanid fly, dragon fly, damsel fly, praying mantis.
• Apply oxydemeton methyl* 25% (@ 500- 1000 ml/ ha or dimethoate* 30% EC @ 750 -1000 ml/ha two weeks after germination in case phorate has not been applied at the time of sowing.
• Apply mancozeb 75% WP @ 1500 - 2000 gi11a or hexaconazole 5% EC or propiconazole or triadimefon 80% EC @ 0.1% on the appearance of rust infection.

Flowering stage

• Apply triazophos 40% EC @ 625 ml/ha or quinalphos 25% EC @) 1000 ml/ha for controlling defoliators, tobacco caterpillars, stem fly and girdle beetle.
• Apply mancozeb 75% WP (@ 1500-2000 g/ha or hexaconazole 5% EC or propiconazole 25% EC or triadimefon 25% WP @0.1% on the appearance rust infection.
   

Fruiting stage

• Poison baiting with 2% zinc phosphide at podding and green seed stage preceded by one day pre- baiting or applicationl of bromadiolone 0.005% ready to use at green seed stage for the control of rodents.

Storage 

• Seeds should be harvested at field maturity.
• Delayed harvesting should be avoided.
• Seeds should be dried to safe moisture levels soon after harvest (8-10%).
• The dried seeds should be stored in hermetically sealed containers.
• Protect the sealed containers from water, cross contamination and rodents.
• Ensure proper ventilation around seed.
• Completely cover plant residue by clean ploughing the field soon after harvest.

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