Integrated Pest Management

Copper Deficiency

Symptoms

• Growth of plant is depressed from the seedling stage.
• Apical part of the young and middle leaves of plants turn chlorotic.
• Chlorosis on the apical part of the leaves becomes severe and spreads to the interveinal areas, which later develop light brown pigmentation.
• Gradually the entire lamina turns dark brown and the leaf margins become necrotic & entire foliage appears withered.

Remedies

• Spray 0.2% copper sulphate solution 2-3 times at weekly intervals.

Resources

• Copper Sulphate contains 10-20% of copper

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Zinc Deficiency

Symptoms

• Middle leaves show inter-veinal discolouration of the basal part and necrosis along the apical margins followed by the appearance of small buff coloured irregular areas.
• Some times plants develop orange tints.
• When deficiency is acute, leaf size is markedly restricted and lamina lack serration.
• Leaves may also show curling of margins and reddish brown pigmentation in the inter-veinal areas.

Remedies

• Spray 0.2% zinc sulphate solution 2-3 times at weekly intervals.

Resources

• ZINC CONTENT OF VARIOUS FERTILIZERS AND CHELATES (%)
  Zinc Sulphate 22 - 35%
  Zinc Chelate NaZnHEDTA 09%

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Sulphur Deficiency

Symptoms

• The growth of the plant is retarded.
• Leaf size is reduced. Initially, the fully emerged young leaves turn pale.
• Later, turns golden yellow.
• On individual leaves, paling starts from the distal part and spreads to the base of the lamina.
• If severe deficiency continues, the young leaves shed prematurely.
• The number and size of flowers are reduced.
• Under severe deficiency flowers shed prematurely causing loss of pod yield.

Remedies

• Apply fertilisers containing sulphur to the soil.
• In case of sulphur deficient soils an application of 40 - 60kg/ha sulphur is recommended.

Resources

• SULPHUR CONTENT OF VARIOUS FERTILIZERS (%)
  Ammonium Sulphate 24%
  Single Super Phosphate 12%
  Paramphos 15%

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Boron Deficiency

Symptoms

• Boron deficient plants appear severely stunted within two weeks.
• Later, depression due to boron deficiency becomes very marked and plants show death of the apical bud of the shoot which leads to development of several auxiliary branches.
• Leaves are thick and brittle and the size of the leaves is reduced.
• Pod formation and seed development are severely reduced by boron deficiency.

Remedies

• Spray 0.1-0.2% borax or boric acid solution at weekly intervals.

Resources

• BORAX CONTENT OF VARIOUS FERTILIZERS (%)
  Sodium Borate 10.5%

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Molybdenum Deficiency

Symptoms

• Plants develop yellowing and scorching of margins of old leaves.
• Yellowing gradually spreads to the interveinal areas which become dry and
  papery.
• Leaves show downward curling.
• Symptoms gradually spread to middle and young leaves.
• Deficient plants do not bear pods.

Remedies

• Apply Molybdenum based fertilisers.

Resources

• MOLYBDENUM CONTENT OF VARIOUS FERTILIZERS (%)
  Sodium Molybdate 37 - 39%

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