Integrated Pest Management

Monitoring for Pest & Disease  

• Community level monitoring to know change in destruction and abundance of pest
• Organise regular pest monitoring and assess bio control potential at every 5 to 10 km distance at 12 spots/ha and 5 plants/spot selected randomly.
• Use pheromone traps for monitoring Spodoptera/Helicoverpa and leaf miner.

 Pre-sowing stage 

• Deep ploughing in summer.
• Partial or complete lopping of host plants and retaining of preferred host trees in area of white grub adults.
• Crop rotation with sorghum/pearl millet or maize.
• Early sowing.
• Collection and destruction of white grub adults.
• Installation of 12 light traps/ha or bonfire against RHC

Sowing stage

• Two hand hoeing at 20 days and 35-45 days after sowing for effective weed control.
• Stray planting of cowpea or soybean (for leaf miner) castor and sunflower for S. /itura as trap crops.
• Soil application of castor cake @ 1000 kg/ha or neem cake against stem rot.
• Continue with light trap or bonfire against RHC.
• Collection and destruction of egg masses of RHC in the fields around light-trap areas.
• Seed treatment with Carbendazim @ 4g/kg OR Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum @ 4 g/kg seed.

Vegetative stage 

• Rouge out bud necrosis affected and chump infected plants.
• Irrigate once.
• Continue with light trap or bonfire and mechanical collection of RHC egg masses/caterpillars.
• Install one pheromone trap per ha. for monitoring or 5 trap/ha for mass trapping of Spodoptera.
• Collection and destruction of- early stage larvae of Bihar hairy cater pillar.
• Collection and destruction of white grub adults from jujube or neem trees around the field.
• Install per ha.10-12 bird perches.
• Two hand or mechanical weeding at 15-20 days after sowing.
• Release egg parasite, Telenomus remus @ 50000/ha, 4 times (7-10 days interval) against Tobacco Caterpillar
• Spray SNPV @ 250LE or B.t @ 1 kg/ha for controlling defoliators.
• Spray Carbendazim @ 375 g a.i./ha or 2 gm of Chlorothalanil/lit for control of leaf spots and rust.
• Spray Endosulfan 35 EC or Quinalphos @ 1250 ml/ha to control hairy caterpillar.

Flowering stage

• Collect and destroy egg masses and early instar larvae of S. litura.
• Continue Pheromone trap @ 1/ha for monitoring or 5/ha for mass trapping of S. litura
• Spray neem based formulation @ 2%.
• Release Trichogramma chilonsis (50000/ha) twice and Cheilomenus sexmaculata (1250/ha twice) against leaf miner and other defoliators.

Fruiting stage

• Collect egg masses and early instar larvae of S. litura.
• Spray neem based formulation @ 2%.
• Spray SNPV @ 250 LE/ha or B.t. 1 kg/ha on need basis.
• No chemical control applied at the maturity stage.

Storage 

• Store the pods in polythene lined gunny bags and fill the top of the bags with sand.
• Mouth of bags not be closed to avoid germination loss.
• Harvest at optimum maturity stage to avoid pod infection.

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