Integrated Pest Management

Iron Deficiency

Symptoms

• Deficient plants may develop chlorosis of young leaves at four leaf stage.
• Chlorosis starts from the base and spreads towards the apical part of the lamina.
• In case of severe deficiency, leaves become bleached and puckered.
• Newly emerging leaves are completely bleached, those subtending these also develop pigmentation.
• Flowering, pod number and size of pods is reduced and pods appear chlorotic.

Remedies

• Spray 0.5% ferrous sulphate solution 3-4 times at weekly intervals.

Resources

• IRON CONTENT OF VARIOUS FERTILIZERS (%)
   Ferrous Sulphate 20%
   Iron Chelate Na.FeEDTA 12%

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Manganese Deficiency

Symptoms

• Apical part of the middle leaves of manganese deficient plants develop chlorosis, which later extends towards the base covering the entire inter veinal area.
• Eventually, severely chlorotic areas develop small greyish-brown spots which coalesce to form large necrotic lesions.
• Leaf margins also turn necrotic and the lamina curl downwards.
• Later, these symptoms spread to old and young leaves.
• Flowering is also reduced and large percentage of flowers shed prematurely, resulting in poor fruit set and pod formation.

Remedies

• Spray 0.2-0.3 % manganese sulphate 2-3 times at weekly intervals.

Resources

• MANGANESE CONTENT OF VARIOUS
  FERTILIZERS (%)
  Manganese Sulphate 23%
  Manganese polyflancohoid 5 - 7%

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Copper Deficiency

Symptoms

• Young leaves develop interveinal chlorosis.
• Chlorotic areas later turn papery and necrotic.
• Growth of plants is also reduced which is more pronounced at the time of flowering and thereafter. Inflorescence is very poorly developed and large percentage of the floral buds of the plants wither before opening.
• Pod formation and seed setting are also reduced.

Remedies

• Spray 0.2% copper sulphate solution 2-3 times at weekly intervals.

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Zinc Deficiency

Symptoms

• There is retardation of growth, deficiency symptoms appear after 20 days of sowing, the first true leaf is also affected.
• Leaves are small in size with pinkish margin.
• Interveinal tissues turn yellowish white to papery white, with veins remaining green.
• There is upward or downward cupping of leaves.
• Severely affected leaves die.
• Flowering and fruiting is delayed.

Remedies

• Application of 20-25 kg/ha of zinc sulphate overcomes zinc deficiency.
• Zinc sulphate should be placed in the seed row adjacent to the seed at the time of sowing to attain its higher utilisation efficiency.
• Zinc deficiency can also be corrected by foliar feeding of 0.5 per cent zinc sulphate solution along with staked lime (0.25 per cent).
• If necessary, it should be sprayed more than once at 15 days time interval as when the deficiency appears.

Resources

• THE NUTRIENT CONTENT OF CHELATES AND FERTILIZERS ARE:
  Zinc Chelate NaZnHEDTA 09%
  Zinc Sulphate 22 - 35%

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Sulphur Deficiency

Symptoms

• Leaves show paling, that starts the margins and spreads inward. As deficiency persists, leaves become yellow (Chlorotic) and/or develop purple pigmentation.
• The lamina of young leaves also curls inward giving these leaves a cupped appearance.
• Eventually, the lamina becomes scorched and withered.
• Flowering is delayed.
• Symptoms spread from young to middle leaves.
• Flowers lack normal pigmentation.
• Pods are borne on short peduncle and their development is restricted. Seed setting is poor and their maturity is delayed.
• Inflorescence emergence and flowering are delayed by 12 days and its axis the normal green colour, develop very few pods in which seed fail to develop.
• Sulphur deficient plants show marked retardation in height, thickness of stem and size of leaves.

Remedies

• It is advisable to use sulphur containing fertilisers:
  Ammonium Sulphate - 24% S
  Single Super Phosphate - 12% S
  Potassium Sulphate - 18% S
  Gypsum - 13-18% S
  Iron Pyrites - 18-22% S
  Zinc Sulphate - 15% S
  Elemental Sulphur - 85-100% S

Resources

• SULPHUR CONTENT OF VARIOUS FERTILIZERS (%)
  Ammonium Sulphate 24%
  Single Super Phosphate 12%
  Paramphos 15%

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Molybdenum Deficiency

Symptoms

• Mustard is very susceptible to molybdenum deficiency.
• Growth is markedly reduced and plants develop foliar symptoms like cupping, marginal scorching and loss of lamina.

Resources

• MOLYBDENUM CONTENT OF VARIOUS FERTILIZERS (%)
  Sodium Molybdate 37 - 39%

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